A. Outcomes of class formation
B. Challenges of the interwar period

1. economic challenges
2. social challenges
3. cultural challenges
4. ideological challenges

C. Political alternatives

1. communism
2. fascism
3. popular fronts
4. capitalism

II. France in the interwar period

A. French socialism in 1920

1. SFIO - Section francaise de l'internationale ouvrière
2. PCF - Partie Communiste francaise

B. Influence of Communist International

1. "third period" -- class against class (1928)
2. popular front policy: indigenous or dictated by Moscow?

C. Popular front

III. Spain in the interwar period

A. Popular front election and start of civil war
B. Barcelona as radical commune
C. Divisions on the left and end of civil war

IV. United Kingdom

A. Labour party and its supporters
B. Trade unions and capitalists

V. What has happened to class consciousness in Europe on the eve of World War II?